Volumetric quantification of brain swelling after hypobaric hypoxia exposure

István A. Mórocz, Gary P. Zientara, Hákon Gudbjartsson, Stephen Muza, Timothy Lyons, Paul B. Rock, Ron Kikinis, Ferenc A. Jólesz

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    58 Scopus citations

    Abstract

    We applied a novel MR imaging technique to investigate the effect of acute mountain sickness on cerebral tissue water. Nine volunteers were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia corresponding to 4572 m altitude for 32 h. Such an exposure may cause acute mountain sickness. We imaged the brains of the volunteers before and at 32 h of hypobaric exposure with two different MRI techniques with subsequent data processing. (1) Brain volumes were calculated from 3D MRI data sets by applying a computerized brain segmentation algorithm. For this specific purpose a novel adaptive 3D segmentation program was used with an automatic correction algorithm for RF field inhomogeneity. (2) T2 decay rates were analyzed in the white matter. The results demonstrated that a significant brain swelling of 36.2 ± 19.6 ml (2.77 ± 1.47%, n = 9, P < 0.001) developed after the 32-h hypobaric hypoxia exposure with a maximal observed volume increase of 5.8% (71.3 ml). These volume changes were significant only for the gray matter structures in contrast to the unremarkable changes seen in the white matter. The same study repeated 3 weeks later in 6 of 9 original subjects demonstrated that the brains recovered and returned approximately to the initially determined sea-level brain volume while hypobaric hypoxia exposure once again led to a significant new brain swelling (24.1 ± 12.1 ml, 1.92 ± 0.96%, n = 6, P < 0.005). On the contrary, the T2 mapping technique did not reveal any significant effect of hypobaria on white matter. We present here a technique which is able to detect reversible brain volume changes as they may occur in patients with diffuse brain edema or increased cerebral blood volume, and which may represent a useful noninvasive tool for future evaluations of antiedematous drugs.

    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)96-104
    Number of pages9
    JournalExperimental Neurology
    Volume168
    Issue number1
    DOIs
    StatePublished - 2001

    Keywords

    • Acute mountain sickness
    • Brain edema
    • Magnetic resonance imaging
    • Volumetric study

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