TY - JOUR
T1 - HIV neurotoxicity
T2 - Potential therapeutic interventions
AU - Wallace, David R.
PY - 2006
Y1 - 2006
N2 - Individuals suffering from human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) infection suffer from a wide range of neurological deficits. The most pronounced are the motor and cognitive deficits observed in many patients in the latter stages of HIV infection.Gross postmortem inspection shows cortical atrophy and widespread neuronal loss. One of the more debilitating of the HIV-related syndromes is AIDS-related dementia, or HAD. Complete understanding of HIV neurotoxicity has been elusive. Both direct and indirect toxic mechanisms have been implicated in the neurotoxicity of the HIV proteins, Tat and gp120. The glutamatergic system, nitric oxide, calcium, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and microglia have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of HIV-related neuronal degeneration. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent work and provide an overview to the current theories of HIV-related neurotoxicity and potential avenues of therapeutic interventions to prevent the neuronal loss and motor/cognitive deficits previously described.
AB - Individuals suffering from human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) infection suffer from a wide range of neurological deficits. The most pronounced are the motor and cognitive deficits observed in many patients in the latter stages of HIV infection.Gross postmortem inspection shows cortical atrophy and widespread neuronal loss. One of the more debilitating of the HIV-related syndromes is AIDS-related dementia, or HAD. Complete understanding of HIV neurotoxicity has been elusive. Both direct and indirect toxic mechanisms have been implicated in the neurotoxicity of the HIV proteins, Tat and gp120. The glutamatergic system, nitric oxide, calcium, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and microglia have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of HIV-related neuronal degeneration. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent work and provide an overview to the current theories of HIV-related neurotoxicity and potential avenues of therapeutic interventions to prevent the neuronal loss and motor/cognitive deficits previously described.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33646349202&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1155/JBB/2006/65741
DO - 10.1155/JBB/2006/65741
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:33646349202
SN - 1110-7243
VL - 2006
JO - Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology
JF - Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology
M1 - 65741
ER -