@article{80d6217ab06b4c9a92873f25c1af34a5,
title = "Diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT): An emerging tool for rapid, high-resolution, 3-D imaging of metazoan soft tissues",
abstract = "Morphologists have historically had to rely on destructive procedures to visualize the three-dimensional (3-D) anatomy of animals. More recently, however, non-destructive techniques have come to the forefront. These include X-ray computed tomography (CT), which has been used most commonly to examine the mineralized, hard-tissue anatomy of living and fossil metazoans. One relatively new and potentially transformative aspect of current CT-based research is the use of chemical agents to render visible, and differentiate between, soft-tissue structures in X-ray images. Specifically, iodine has emerged as one of the most widely used of these contrast agents among animal morphologists due to its ease of handling, cost effectiveness, and differential affinities for major types of soft tissues. The rapid adoption of iodine-based contrast agents has resulted in a proliferation of distinct specimen preparations and scanning parameter choices, as well as an increasing variety of imaging hardware and software preferences. Here we provide a critical review of the recent contributions to iodine-based, contrast-enhanced CT research to enable researchers just beginning to employ contrast enhancement to make sense of this complex new landscape of methodologies. We provide a detailed summary of recent case studies, assess factors that govern success at each step of the specimen storage, preparation, and imaging processes, and make recommendations for standardizing both techniques and reporting practices. Finally, we discuss potential cutting-edge applications of diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT) and the issues that must still be overcome to facilitate the broader adoption of diceCT going forward.",
keywords = "Alcoholic iodine, Destaining, Lugol's iodine, Radiographic contrast agents, Three-dimensional imaging, X-ray micro-CT scanning",
author = "Gignac, {Paul M.} and Kley, {Nathan J.} and Clarke, {Julia A.} and Colbert, {Matthew W.} and Morhardt, {Ashley C.} and Donald Cerio and Cost, {Ian N.} and Cox, {Philip G.} and Daza, {Juan D.} and Early, {Catherine M.} and Echols, {M. Scott} and Henkelman, {R. Mark} and Herdina, {A. Nele} and Holliday, {Casey M.} and Zhiheng Li and Kristin Mahlow and Samer Merchant and Johannes M{\"u}ller and Orsbon, {Courtney P.} and Paluh, {Daniel J.} and Thies, {Monte L.} and Tsai, {Henry P.} and Witmer, {Lawrence M.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank The University of Texas (UT) at Austin, the Jackson School of Geosciences, and the UTCT Laboratory for providing facilities support and sponsorship for the working group meeting that led to this publication. B. D. Metscher participated in the Austin Working Group Meeting, which served as the basis for this manuscript, and provided exceptionally helpful insights during its development. M. Hill, H. D. O'Brien, H. Tobbin, and N. Westphal provided conceptual and technical support. A. M. Balanoff, M. E. Gold, A. Khan, D. W. Krause, M. A. Norell, R. Ridgely, A. H. Turner, A. Watanabe, E. Westwig, S. Werning, and F. Zachos aided in facilities and specimen access. We also thank the reviewers of an earlier version of this manuscript for the insights and constructive criticisms they provided. C.P.O. was supported by A. Bhullar and NIH T32 HD009007. This work was supported financially by the National Science Foundation (NSF IOS-0749750 and NSF EAGER 1450842 awarded to N.J.K.; NSF DEB-1457180 and NSF EAGER 1450850 awarded to P.M.G.) as well as the Stony Brook University Department of Anatomical Sciences (N.J.K. and P.M.G.) and the Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (P.M.G.). BriteVu{\texttrademark} is a metallic perfusion product developed and sold by Scarlet Imaging, LLC, of which co-author M.S.E is the founder and president. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 Anatomical Society.",
year = "2016",
month = jun,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1111/joa.12449",
language = "English",
volume = "228",
pages = "889--909",
journal = "Journal of Anatomy",
issn = "0021-8782",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd",
number = "6",
}