Cross sectional analysis of artificial intelligence guidelines in journals of pediatrics, perinatology and child health

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing Pediatric research by advancing data analysis, systematic reviews, and clinical practices. Despite its potential, integration of this technology raises concerns about transparency, ethical application, and reproducibility remain significant. This study aims to examine how prominent Pediatric journals navigate these opportunities and challenges through their author guidelines and policies.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on the top 100 peer-reviewed Pediatric journals, ranked by the 2023 SCImago SJR indicator. Information was collected from each journal’s "Instructions for Authors" to assess AI-related policies, including guidelines for AI-specific reporting, authorship criteria, and the use of AI in manuscript preparation and image creation. Correlational analyses were used to examine the association between AI policies and journal characteristics.

Results: Out of the 100 journals analyzed, 87% referenced AI use in their author instructions, with most disallowing AI authorship but requiring authors to disclose AI involvement in submissions. AI-generated content was permitted by 22% of journals, and 37% allowed AI-generated images. Journals with higher impact factors were more likely to feature comprehensive AI policies, yet significant inconsistencies and a lack of standardized guidance remain.

Conclusion: Although many Pediatric journals acknowledge the impact of AI in research, few promote AI-specific reporting guidelines, hindering standardization and transparency. We advocate for the implementation of robust guidelines to uphold ethical practices, reproducibility, and high-quality research in this era of AI-driven advancements.