Cross-reactivity of venoms and antivenoms determined in vitro using size-exclusion chromatography 

Background: Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) can be used to characterize venom-antivenom immune complex formation. Complex formation would be expected between antivenom and venom used in the antivenom production process. Binding of antivenom with venom not used in the production process might be predicted due to similarities of venom composition, but would typically be confirmed by standard assays, such as inhibition of venom lethality or neutralization of venom toxicity. Evaluation of complex formation is relevant since venom-antivenom binding is required for neutralization of venom lethality or toxicity, though binding does not guarantee protection. SEC may be a useful tool in comparing the binding of different antivenoms to a particular venom, as well as binding of different venoms to a particular antivenom. The data presented in this study demonstrates the use of SEC to evaluate the cross-reactivity of two distinctly different antivenoms with venoms used in antivenom production.